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Using a VPN is a terrific way to protect your internet traffic when you're traveling, but it is not a solution for encrypting your local files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shooter's iPhone, they asked Apple for a back door to get beyond the encryption. But no such back door existed, and Apple refused to create one. The FBI had to hire hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Since the moment a back door or similar hack exists, it becomes a goal, a prize for the poor guys. It will flow sooner or later. In a discussion at Black Hat this past summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic disclosed that the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update thembut the poor guys can't get in either. .

Each the products in this roundup explicitly state they have no rear door, and that is as it should be. It does mean that if you encrypt an essential document and then forget that the encryption password, then you have lost it for good.

Back in the day, if you wanted to maintain a document secret you could use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you could lock it up in a safe. The two main approaches in encryption utilities parallel with those options.

One sort of product simply processes files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of themselves. The other creates a virtual disk drive that, when open, behaves like any other drive on your system. When you lock the digital drive, each the files that you put into it's entirely inaccessible. .

Like the digital drive solution, a few products save your encrypted information in the cloud. This strategy demands extreme caution, obviously. Encrypted data in the cloud has a far bigger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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That is better It really depends on how you plan to use encryption. If you're not sure, take advantage of this 30-day free trial provided by each of these products to get a sense of the different options.

Once you copy a document into protected storage, or create an encrypted version of it, you definitely need to wipe out the unencrypted original. Simply deleting it isn't sufficient, even if you bypass the Recycle Bin, since the data still exists on disc, and data recovery utilities can often get it back. .

Some encryption products avoid this problem by encrypting the document in location, literally overwriting it on disc with an encrypted version. It's more common, though, to offer safe deletion as an option. If you select something that lacks this feature, you ought to find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting data before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based retrieval tools. Hardware-based forensic retrieval works since the magnetic recording of information on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It is more of a waveform. In simple terms, the procedure involves nulling out the known information and reading around the borders of what is left.

An encryption algorithm is similar to a black box. Dump a document, picture, or other document into it, and you get back what sounds like gibberish. Run that gibberish back through the box, using the exact same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has settled on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and all the merchandise accumulated here service AES. Even those that support other calculations tend to recommend using AES.

If you're an encryption expert, you might want another algorithm, Blowfish, possibly, or even the Soviet government's GOST. For the typical user, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you must keep them confidential, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you get two keys. One is public; you can discuss it with anyone, register it in a key exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you prefer. The other is personal, and needs to be closely guarded. If I want to send you a key document, I simply encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this program in reverse, you can make a digital signature which shows that your document came from you and hasn't been modified. How Just encrypt it with your private key. The fact your public key decrypts it is all the proof you need. PKI service is less common than support for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to talk about a file with someone and your encryption tool doesn't support PKI, there are other options for sharing. Many products allow creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You may also find that the recipient can use important site a free, decryption-only tool.